![]() ![]() ![]() This allows for longitudinal sampling of known hosts and can be paired with individual-level covariates. To increase the utility of noninvasive sampling, individual hosts can be identified by applying molecular methods. Helminth research in wildlife hosts has historically required invasive animal handling and necropsy, while results from noninvasive parasite research, like scat analysis, may not be possible at the helminth species or individual host levels. Helminth infections are cryptic and can be difficult to study in wildlife species. The authors also mention that, when determining the populations and the related management units, it is necessary to take into account a wide range of factors, including the environmental policies of different countries, and conclude that the population boundaries proposed in the work (Linnell et al., 2008) are at the moment still optimal in terms of conservation and regulation of the wolf population. The authors also presented their own studies that were "omitted" in the work (Gula et al., 2020), demonstrating the existence of two independent genetic clusters: Central European and Baltic, as well as the existence of a zone of contact between these clusters in the territory of Poland (Lesniak et al., 2017 Szewczyk et al., 2019). referred to (it should also be noted that some authors of the rebuttal article participated in writing the articles cited by Gula et al.). The authors pointed out the extremely limited sizes of samples from the central European Plains in the articles that Gula et al. ![]()
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